Mother Mary – The Veil of the Holy Spirit

In the name of God the Father, Christ Jesus His Son and the Holy Spirit, One True God. Amen.

Dear brothers and sisters in Christ Jesus

On the 15th of August, many Orthodox Churches around the world celebrate the Feast of the Assumption of Mother Mary. Apart from the various feasts which celebrate the life and ministry of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the feast of the Assumption of Mother Mary is one which is celebrated with equal importance. As we celebrate this festival, I would like to give some time to reflect on one more of the various titles that are used to address the blessed Theotokos.

In many of the Christian teachings, Mother Mary is referred to as the Veil of the Holy Spirit. In the intercessory prayers and other venerations that we, the Indian Orthodox faithful, use for Mother Mary, we call her as the “Roohayude Sosappa” (റൂഹായുടെ സോസപ്പാ). Let us dedicate some time of ours to understand why we address her so.

Sosappa or the Veil – The Purpose

When we participate in the Queen of the Holy Liturgies, the Holy Qurbana/ the Holy Eucharist, the most common scene that we the faithful see on the altar after the Priest comes down from his time of preparation (Thuyobo) is that the paten and the chalice containing the bread and the wine is covered with a white cloth with an embroidery in the form of a dove. This cloth is called the Sosappa.

The literal purpose of the Sosappa or the veil was to cover the Holy Mysteries from dust and the flying insects so that it would not be contaminated or spoiled. Though, today we have given and placed more spiritual purposes for the veil covering the Mysteries.

During the Holy Eucharistic service, this veil, often beautifully embroidered with intricate designs, then is used to signify the hovering and the descent of the Holy Spirit, just like it hovered over the waters of the earth before all creation and descended upon Jesus Christ during His baptism on River Jordan. The symbolism of the dove depicted on the Sosappa further enhances this idea, as the dove is a well-known symbol of the Holy Spirit in Christian tradition.

The Sosappa serves as a visual representation of the divine presence that is believed to occur during the Holy Qurbana. It reminds us of the sacredness and holiness of the moment when the bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ. The act of covering the Holy Mysteries with the veil also emphasizes the need for reverence and respect in approaching the Eucharist, as it signifies that we are entering into a sacred space and engaging with the divine.

Moreover, the Sosappa serves a practical purpose as well. By covering the paten and the chalice, it helps protect the elements from any external impurities or accidental contamination. This ensures that the bread and wine remain pure and suitable for consecration.

In addition to its symbolism and practicality, the Sosappa holds historical significance within the liturgical traditions of many Christian denominations. It is an ancient practice that has been passed down through generations, preserving the rich heritage of the faith. The presence of the Sosappa adds a touch of beauty and solemnity to the altar, enhancing the overall worship experience and inviting the faithful to enter into a deeper state of prayer and contemplation.

Mother Mary as the Veil of the Holy Spirit

Within the rich tapestry of Orthodox Christianity, the veneration of Mother Mary stands as a testament to the profound mysteries of faith. Often referred to as the “Theotokos,” or “Mother of God,” Mary’s significance extends far beyond her earthly role as the mother of Jesus Christ. In the eyes of Orthodox believers, she embodies a unique and deeply symbolic relationship with the Holy Spirit—an intricate connection that has earned her the title of the “Veil of the Holy Spirit.” This theological concept, rooted in the teachings of the early Church Fathers, reveals layers of spiritual insight and invites believers to explore the divine mysteries surrounding Mary’s role as a vessel for the presence of the Holy Spirit.

The Divine Concealment and Revelation

To truly grasp the significance of Mary being called the “Cover of the Holy Spirit,” it is necessary to delve deeper into the theological understanding of divine concealment and revelation within the context of Orthodox Christianity. This unique perspective sheds light on the interplay between God’s transcendent nature and His desire to intimately connect with humanity.

Orthodox Christianity emphasizes the mystery of the Incarnation, which is the belief that God took on human flesh and became fully present in the person of Jesus Christ. This extraordinary event was made possible through the overshadowing of the Holy Spirit, who came upon Mary, making her the chosen vessel through which God’s plan for redemption was realized. Mary’s role in this divine mystery is inseparable from the presence of the Holy Spirit.

In the Gospel of Luke, it is recounted that the angel Gabriel appeared to Mary and announced that she would conceive and bear a son, even though she was a virgin (Luke 1:26-38). The angel told her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you” (Luke 1:35, ESV). This overshadowing by the Holy Spirit signifies the profound moment when Mary, by her humble consent, became the dwelling place of God Himself.

The imagery of “covering” speaks to the Holy Spirit’s indwelling within Mary and the sacredness of her womb. Just as the Spirit hovered over the waters of the earth, which then resulted in the establishment of the created order, (Genesis 1:2), the Holy Spirit came upon Mary, sheltering and overshadowing her. This overshadowing resulted in the conception of Jesus, the Son of God, within her womb.

By referring to Mary as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit,” Orthodox theology highlights her unique and unparalleled role in the divine plan of salvation. Mary became the veil through which the divine mysteries were concealed and revealed simultaneously. The Holy Spirit dwelt within her, making her the chosen instrument of God’s grace and the means through which the Savior entered the world.

In essence, Mary’s designation as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit” speaks to her profound humility, obedience, and willingness to become the vessel through which God’s plans were fulfilled. She became the bridge between the divine and the human, offering herself as a pure and willing participant in God’s salvific work.

As Orthodox Christians reflect on Mary’s role as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit,” they are reminded of the mystery of the Incarnation and the transformative power of God’s presence. Mary’s example challenges believers to embrace humility and surrender to God’s will, allowing His Spirit to overshadow and guide their lives. Ultimately, Mary’s profound calling as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit” continues to inspire and draw believers closer to God’s unfathomable love and mercy.

Mary as the New Ark of the Covenant

Mary’s “covering” by the Holy Spirit carries profound symbolic significance within Christian theology. In the Old Testament, the Ark of the Covenant held immense importance in the Israelite religion. It was regarded as the holiest object, believed to be the dwelling place of God’s presence among the people. The Ark symbolized a sacred connection between God and humanity, representing His covenant and the divine guidance bestowed upon the Israelites.

When we consider Mary as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit,” we can see parallels to the Ark of the Covenant. Mary becomes a new Ark, not made of wood and gold, but of flesh and spirit. Just as the Ark carried within it the tablets of the Ten Commandments, a jar of manna, and Aaron’s rod, Mary carried within her womb something far greater—the very presence of God in the form of the incarnate Word, Jesus Christ.

The association between Mary and the Ark of the Covenant enhances our understanding of her unique role in salvation history. Just as the Israelites believed the Ark to be the dwelling place of God’s presence, Mary’s role as the “Veil of the Holy Spirit” signifies her sacred duty as the vessel chosen to bear the Son of God. The Holy Spirit overshadowed her, enveloping her in His divine presence. This overshadowing can be understood as a symbol of the divine cloud that overshadowed the Ark of the Covenant in the Old Testament, signifying the glory of God’s presence.

Mary, as the New Ark, becomes a bridge between the Old and New Covenants—a conduit through which God’s saving plan is fulfilled. Through her “covering” by the Holy Spirit, Mary not only conceals the divine mysteries but also reveals them to the world. She becomes the means by which God’s grace is manifested in human form, bringing forth the Savior of humanity.

In Catholic and Orthodox traditions, devotion to Mary as the “Veil of the Holy Spirit” holds a special place. Believers acknowledge her unique role as the Mother of God and honor her as the embodiment of faith, humility, and obedience. By contemplating her significance in salvation history, we can deepen our understanding of the profound unity between divinity and humanity, and the extraordinary role Mary played in bridging the gap between God and His creation.

The Theology of Oikonomia and Theotokos

Central to Orthodox Christian teachings is the concept of “oikonomia,” which can be understood as God’s divine plan or economy for the salvation of humanity. Oikonomia encompasses God’s providential guidance and administration of the universe, specifically relating to the reconciliation of humanity with Himself.

Mary’s role as the “Veil of the Holy Spirit” aligns with this theological principle of oikonomia. The event of the Holy Spirit’s overshadowing of Mary is deeply significant, not only as a moment of extraordinary divine action but also as a deliberate act in God’s larger plan for humanity’s redemption.

The title given to Mary in Orthodox Christianity, “Theotokos,” carries great theological weight and profound symbolism. Derived from the Greek words “Theos” (God) and “tokos” (birth), Theotokos is often translated as “God-bearer” or “Mother of God.” This title has been granted to Mary due to her unique relationship with the Holy Spirit and her role in the Incarnation.

By giving birth to Jesus Christ, who is the Second Person of the Holy Trinity, Mary became the Mother of God Incarnate. This divine motherhood establishes an indissoluble bond between Mary and the entire Godhead. Through her fiat, her humble acceptance of God’s will, Mary became the chosen vessel through which the eternal Word took on human flesh. In this act, she plays an instrumental role in God’s plan for the salvation of humanity, serving as the link between the divine and the human.

In Orthodox theology, Mary is regarded as the “Cover” or “Veil” that shields and protects the divine mysteries. Just as a veil hides and protects treasures, Mary’s role as the Veil of the Holy Spirit ensures the sanctity and holiness of the Incarnation. She veils the unfathomable mysteries of God becoming man, allowing humanity to approach them with reverence and humility.

Furthermore, Mary’s role as the Veil does not solely conceal the divine mysteries but also reveals God’s love, mercy, and redemption to the world. Through her immaculate conception and her unwavering faith, Mary stands as an exemplar of obedience and devotion, showing humanity the path to true discipleship and union with God.

In summary, Mary’s role as the Veil of the Holy Spirit in Orthodox Christian theology is deeply intertwined with the concept of oikonomia, God’s divine plan for the salvation of humanity. As the Theotokos, she bears God Himself, revealing His love and mercy through the Incarnation, while also serving as the Veil that protects and safeguards the incomprehensible mysteries of God becoming man. Mary’s profound role invites believers to ponder the depths of God’s plan and to seek her intercession on their path toward union with Him.

Iconography and Liturgy

In Orthodox iconography and liturgical practices, the depiction of Mary as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit” is a recurring theme that holds deep theological significance. Iconographers skillfully portray Mary with the Holy Spirit depicted as a dove, symbolizing the Spirit’s overshadowing during the Annunciation. This image serves not only as a visual representation but also as a powerful reminder of Mary’s unique relationship with the Holy Spirit and her integral role in God’s plan of salvation.

The presence of the Holy Spirit in Mary’s life is central to the Orthodox understanding of her as the Theotokos, the Mother of God. The Annunciation, when the Angel Gabriel brought the news of Mary’s divine calling, represents the moment when the Holy Spirit descended upon her, making her the vessel through which the Son of God would be born into the world. This divine union of Mary and the Holy Spirit is at the heart of Orthodox Mariology, highlighting her full participation in God’s redemptive work.

In addition to the visual depiction of Mary as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit”, Orthodox liturgical hymns and prayers further illuminate and celebrate this profound connection. One such hymn is the “Axion Estin” (It Is Truly Meet), which is sung during the Divine Liturgy. This hymn proclaims Mary’s unparalleled honor and glory, declaring her to be “more honorable than the cherubim, and more glorious beyond compare than the seraphim.” It acknowledges that, as the earthly mother of Christ, she gave birth to God the Word without corruption, emphasizing her role as the chosen vessel through whom the Holy Spirit worked wonders.

The imagery and symbolism surrounding Mary as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit” point to the intimate relationship she shares with the Holy Spirit and serve as a reminder of her special place in the divine economy. Mary’s willingness to surrender herself to God’s will, allowing the Holy Spirit to overshadow her, exemplifies a profound trust and obedience that Christians are called to emulate. By gazing upon icons representing Mary as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit,” believers are invited to contemplate the faithfulness and humility exemplified by the Theotokos and to seek her intercession in their own spiritual journeys.

As with all aspects of Orthodox theology and spirituality, the depiction of Mary as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit” is approached with reverence and deep significance. It serves as a beautiful testament to the Orthodox understanding of Mary’s role in the economy of salvation and her ongoing presence as a spiritual mother and intercessor for all believers.

Conclusion

In the tapestry of Orthodox Christianity, the concept of Mary as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit” weaves together a intricate narrative of divine mystery, profound connection, and deep theological significance. Through this lens, we are invited to contemplate the remarkable role that Mary played in the unfolding of God’s salvific plan—a role that goes beyond mere human comprehension. The symbolism of Mary as the veil, both concealing and revealing the divine mysteries, mirrors the delicate interplay between the earthly and the heavenly, the finite and the infinite.

Mary’s fiat, her resounding “yes” to God’s call, stands as a testament to her humility and obedience, qualities that allowed her to become the dwelling place of the Holy Spirit. The overshadowing by the Holy Spirit during the Annunciation marks the beginning of an extraordinary union between the human and the divine, a union that culminated in the birth of Jesus Christ, the Savior of the world. As we contemplate Mary’s unique role as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit,” we are drawn into the depths of God’s unfathomable love for humanity—a love that found its fullest expression in the person of Jesus Christ.

This theological understanding of Mary as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit” has far-reaching implications for believers. It calls us to embrace humility and surrender, to allow the Holy Spirit to overshadow our lives just as it did Mary’s. Mary’s profound trust in God’s plan, her willingness to be a vessel of divine grace, and her complete openness to the Spirit’s guidance provide a model for us to follow. Just as Mary became a bridge between heaven and earth, we too are invited to be conduits of God’s love and transformation in the world.

As we celebrate the Feast of the Assumption and reflect on Mary’s role as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit,” let us remember that her story is not merely a historical event, but a living and timeless reality. Mary’s presence continues to inspire and guide believers, offering a profound example of faith, humility, and devotion. Through her intercession, we can seek a deeper connection with the Holy Spirit, allowing Him to overshadow us and lead us into a closer union with God.

In the footsteps of Mary, may we become vessels of God’s grace, bearers of His light, and conduits of His love. Just as the veil on the altar symbolizes the presence of the Holy Spirit in the Eucharistic mysteries, so too may our lives become a testament to the transformative power of the Spirit’s indwelling. May we, like Mary, become instruments through which God’s divine plan is fulfilled, revealing His mercy and salvation to a world in need.

As we conclude this reflection, let us offer our prayers to the Theotokos, seeking her intercession and guidance on our spiritual journey. May we grow in humility, obedience, and receptivity to the Holy Spirit, allowing Him to overshadow us and lead us ever closer to the heart of God. Through Mary’s example as the “Cover of the Holy Spirit,” may we come to know and experience the profound and abiding presence of God in our lives. In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, we offer this reflection and our prayers, trusting in Mary’s maternal care and the Spirit’s transformative power. Amen.